Thomas Hobbes (1588–1679) was an English philosopher, best known for his contributions to political philosophy. His major work, "Leviathan" (1651), is regarded as one of the foundational texts in political theory.

Hobbes is often associated with social contract theory, particularly his conception of the social contract as a means to establish political authority.  He argued that individuals, in their rational self-interest, would come together and form a social contract to establish a sovereign authority that would maintain order and prevent chaos.

His  ideas sparked debates and controversies during his time and have continued to influence political philosophy. Critics argue that his views on human nature and political authority are overly pessimistic and give too much power to the sovereign.

Hobbes spent his later years in relative comfort under the protection of the Cavendish family. He died on December 4, 1679, in Hardwick Hall, Derbyshire, England.