Karl Marx (1818-1883) was a German philosopher, economist, and political theorist whose ideas have had a profound impact on modern history. Born in Trier, Germany, Marx developed his theories during a time of great social and economic upheaval, witnessing firsthand the inequalities and injustices of industrial capitalism. Throughout his life, Marx dedicated himself to studying and critiquing the capitalist system, arguing that it exploited the working class and perpetuated inequality.

Marx's most notable work, "Das Kapital," published in 1867, provided a comprehensive analysis of capitalism and its inherent contradictions. He argued that capitalism's pursuit of profit led to exploitation, alienation, and recurring economic crises. Marx's ideas laid the foundation for modern socialism and communism, inspiring movements around the world aimed at challenging capitalist exploitation. Despite facing criticism and persecution during his lifetime, Marx's theories continue to influence political and social thought, shaping debates on economics, class struggle, and the role of the state in society.